浅析火力发电厂汽水系统中内径管与外径管的设计选择

按照管道加工工艺的不同,管道可分为内径控制管和外径控制管。通过热轧工艺生产的外径控制无缝钢管,可满足火力发电厂汽水系统中绝大部分管道的使用要求。对于超(超)临界机组的主蒸汽和高温再热蒸汽管道采用的P91/P92材质的大口径厚壁无缝钢管,由于对材料性能和加工工艺有特殊要求,因此宜采用内径控制管。     

Investigation on elemental mercury removal by cerium modified semi-coke

Coal-fired power plant is the largest anthropogenic mercury source. Active carbon injection technique has been widely used to control the mercury emissions. However, high operation cost limits its development and it is necessary to find other potential mercury sorbents. In this study, raw semi-coke and a series of novel cerium (Ce) modified semi-cokes were synthesized and utilized for removing elemental mercury (Hg⁰) from simulated flue gas. It is noteworthy that the efficiencies were tested without hydrogen chloride (HCl) in order to evaluate the sorbents efficacy for low-chlorine (Cl) coal. The results show that the modified sorbents exhibited the best performance at 150 °C. The performance of sorbent could be reinforced due to the existence of oxygen (O₂), nitric oxide (NO) and HCl. The adverse effect caused by sulfur dioxide (SO₂) reduced dramatically after Ce modification. The negative impact of ammonia (NH₃) on Hg⁰ removal in this study could be neglected owing to the tiny concentration of NH₃. Raw semi-coke provided sufficient carbon content, which is favorable to mercury adsorption. As Ce loading increased, the carbon structure changed and the crystal of cerium oxide was formed in the modified semi-coke. The mass fraction of cerium oxide on the sorbent was over 4.4% when the concentration of Ce modification solution was higher than 0.2 mol L⁻¹. The redox reaction activity and the oxygen storage ability of Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ gave a huge boost to the performance of modified semi-coke. The addition of Ce also had an impact on the proportion of oxygen species.     

水电站大型竖井施工安全风险控制措施研究

竖井是大型水电工程中广泛采用的重要建筑物,但竖井的传统施工方法存在施工程序复杂、人工劳动强度大、施工效率不高等特点,同时还存在较大的安全风险。通过对杨房沟水电站大型竖井施工过程的研究,总结出精细化控制爆破、小溜渣井施工方式,同时也设计了一套用于运输的综合提升系统。采用上述创新方法不仅减少了繁琐的施工程序,降低了安全施工风险,而且大量采用机械化手段进一步提高了施工效率,确保了该工程竖井施工的安全风险可控。相关措施可为类似工程的竖井施工提供较好的借鉴作用。     

解析“限额设计”措施对建设项目投资的控制对策

经济新常态下,我国建筑行业得到快速发展。对于建筑工程来说,为节约成本,在"限额设计"思想指导下,必须开展精细化管理,从而提高项目投资的控制能力。然而,在项目建设过程中对于"限额设计"措施的利用水平并不高,不利于企业的可持续发展。因此,本文在分析"限额设计"措施的基础上,提出对建设项目投资的控制对策,希望能够对相关施工管理人员提供借鉴。     

A new controller for boost dc–dc converters based on a novel sliding surface

ABSTRACT

In this paper, two control schemes for boost converters affected by uncertainties in input voltage and load are proposed. The boost converter dynamics is redefined in terms of new state variables to facilitate the use of a disturbance observer that can estimate matched and unmatched disturbances. A sliding surface, which is new in the context of boost converters, is proposed to enable tracking and regulation of output voltage without requiring measurement of input voltage and load current. The stability of the overall system including the disturbance observer, the sliding variable and the output is proved. The performance of the schemes is assessed for regulation of output voltage and tracking of reference voltage by simulation as well as experimentation in which various types of uncertainties and various types of reference voltages are considered.     

煤油气共生矿井底板油型气赋存特征及防治

为了提高煤油气共生矿井油型气灾害治理的科学性，以黄陵二矿为例，采用现场测试、钻探取芯、跟踪观测、地质分析等多种方法，研究了采掘工作面煤层底板油型气分布特征、涌出规律和运移机理，并初步探讨了底板油型气体灾害防治措施。结果表明:底板油型气涌出点多位于底板砂岩储层上倾尖灭端和砂岩透镜体附近，呈现不连续区带状分布特征，涌出的油型气主要来自富县组砂岩层，涌出的动力主要为地层流体压力差，底板油型气通过地层中存在大量的断裂和裂缝、微裂缝系统进入采掘空间，采掘扰动是底板油型气异常涌出的工程诱导因素。建议加强油型气综合探查技术、油型气灾害预测预报技术、油型气综合抽采技术和智能化矿井建设等方面的研究。     

大采高综放工作面强动压端头顶板控制技术

为了解决大采高综放工作面回风侧端头顶板控制问题,针对马道头矿8211工作面的地质情况,通过对回风顺槽超前注浆加固,提高超前支护范围和支护强度,并对回风侧端头三角区煤壁和顶板进行化学浆加固的技术方案,有效控制了顺槽超前区围岩变形和工作面回风侧端头三角区煤壁片帮,保证了工作面端头区顶板安全。     

辉县部分景区地质灾害危险性评估及防治措施研究

为了给辉县景区减灾防灾提供地质依据,根据实际工程概况,研究了辉县部分景区地质灾害危险性预测评估及防治措施,预测评估了工程建设中、建设后可能引发或加剧地质灾害危险性,建设工程自身可能遭受已存在地质灾害危险性;评估了地质灾害危险性综合分区以及根据地质灾害危险性、防治难度和防治效益,对评估区适宜性作出评价,提出了防治地质灾害的措施和建议。     

Quality assurance and quality control of subgrade compaction using the dynamic cone penetrometer

The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is a device that is used in the construction industry for the assessment of in situ soil compaction quality. Over the past few decades, numerous correlations have been developed between the DCP test results and soil strength and stiffness parameters. This paper proposes a comprehensive set of criteria and recommendations for quality control (QC) of compacted subgrade that take into account the inherent statistical variability of DCP test results. For the development of the QC criteria, a new statistical methodology is used to extract representative test values from the raw field DCP test data. In order to use the proposed QC criteria, soils are first classified into two broad categories (fine-grained and coarse-grained) depending on their fabric and response to compaction efforts. Test results indicate that (i) for fine-grained soils, the DCP test values have good correlation with the plasticity index (PI), which is indicative of the type and amount of clay content of the soil and (ii) for coarse-grained soils, the DCP test values have good correlation with the optimum water content of the soil, which is directly related to its in situ density. DCP blow count correlation equations are presented for both soil categories. Recommendations for field DCP testing and data analysis are also provided to highlight the significance of the statistical distribution of the DCP test results in QC testing of compacted subgrade.